How to convert an IPV4 netmask to CIDR

To switch from an IPV4 netmask to the equivalent CIDR it might occur to do the simplest thing, that is to use a nested "case" block or "if" to obtain the equivalent CIDR so much so that the available netmasks or CIDR are only 32 and that is

NetmaskAddress/CIDRAdresses
255.255.255.255a.b.c.d/3220
255.255.255.254a.b.c.d/3120
255.255.255.252a.b.c.d/3021
255.255.255.248a.b.c.d/2922
255.255.255.240a.b.c.d/2823
255.255.255.224a.b.c.d/2724
255.255.255.192a.b.c.d/2625
255.255.255.128a.b.c.d/2526
255.255.255.0a.b.c.0/2427
255.255.254.0a.b.c.0/2328
255.255.252.0a.b.c.0/2229
255.255.248.0a.b.c.0/21210
255.255.240.0a.b.c.0/20212
255.255.224.0a.b.c.0/19213
255.255.192.0a.b.c.0/18214
255.255.128.0a.b.c.0/17215
255.255.0.0a.b.0.0/16216
255.254.0.0a.b.0.0/15217
255.252.0.0a.b.0.0/14218
255.248.0.0a.b.0.0/13219
255.240.0.0a.b.0.0/12220
255.224.0.0a.b.0.0/11221
255.192.0.0a.b.0.0/10222
255.128.0.0a.b.0.0/9223
255.0.0.0a.0.0.0/8224
254.0.0.0a.0.0.0/7225
252.0.0.0a.0.0.0/6226
248.0.0.0a.0.0.0/5227
240.0.0.0a.0.0.0/4228
224.0.0.0a.0.0.0/3229
192.0.0.0a.0.0.0/2230
128.0.0.0a.0.0.0/1231
0.0.0.00.0.0.0/0232
Netmask to CIDR

If we want instead create a function that converts the netmask to CIDR we need to know how to convert a decimal number to binary first.

fromNetmaskToCidr() {
  local netmask=$1
  local bin=({0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1})
  local b=''
  local n
  local cidr
  for n in ${netmask//./ }; do
    if [ $n -gt 255 ]; then
      echo -e "\t[ERROR] netmask $netmask format error in '.$n'. I will use .255 insted of .$n"
      n=255
    fi
    if [ $n -ne 0 -a $n -ne 128 -a $n -ne 192 -a $n -ne 224 -a $n -ne 240 -a $n -ne 248 -a $n -ne 252 -a $n -ne 254 -a $n -ne 255 ]; then
      echo -e "\t[ERROR] netmask $netmask format error in '.$n' (it must be 0,128,192,224,240,248,252,254,255). I will use .255 insted of .$n"
      n=255
    fi
    # $b is the binary of $netmask
    b=${b}${bin[$n]}
  done
  # remove right "0" bits from $b
  b=${b/%0*}
  cidr=${#b}
  echo $cidr
}

What we do is convert the 4 octets of the netmask into binary and put them in series in the only variable "b" then remove the 0 bits present on the right of the overall binary number.
Finally, just count the number of bits left to get the CIDR which will then be returned on exit.

References

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